ALTK-Evolve and ACE both let an agent learn from its own trajectories. The difference is what they do with what they learn — and that decides the token bill. Give an LLM agent a realistic multi-step task — split a bill, find a song, reconcile an order across nine simulated apps — and when it fails, it usually isn't for lack of knowledge. It mis-paginates an API, resolves the wrong person, or returns a value when none was asked for. The model knows the APIs; what it hasn't internalized is how to use them reliably . That's learnable from the agent's own history. …